[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]T\u00fczel ki\u015fi, kendisini olu\u015fturan ki\u015filerden ve organlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcyelerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ki\u015fili\u011fe ve kendine ait ayr\u0131 bir malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahiptir. T\u00fczel ki\u015fi ile \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131ndaki bu \u015fah\u0131s ve mal ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesine ra\u011fmen, uygulamada ayr\u0131l\u0131k ilkesinin uygulanmas\u0131 hakkaniyete ayk\u0131r\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu gibi hallerde, \u00fcyelere ili\u015fkin baz\u0131 hususlar\u0131n t\u00fczel ki\u015fiye izafe edilmesi ya da t\u00fczel ki\u015finin bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, sadece kendi malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerine, arkas\u0131nda bulunan \u00fcyelerinin de malvarl\u0131klar\u0131na m\u00fcracaat edilir.<\/p>\n
Hakkaniyet gere\u011fi t\u00fczel ki\u015fiye m\u00fcracaat edilmesi sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra, hangi h\u00fck\u00fcmler taht\u0131nda t\u00fczel ki\u015fiye m\u00fcracaat edilece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kurumunun en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi onu olu\u015fturandan ve malvarl\u0131klar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yap\u0131da olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle her somut olay\u0131n durumuna g\u00f6re, sorumlulara ba\u015fvurmak i\u00e7in t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na itina ile yakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. T\u00fcrk Hukuku\u2019nda baz\u0131 \u00f6zel pozitif hukuk normlar\u0131 ile t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131larak sorumlulara ba\u015fvuru imkan\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fczenlemelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Limited \u015eirketlerin kamu bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ortaklar\u0131na ba\u015fvuru imkan\u0131 getiren, 6183 say\u0131l\u0131 Amme Alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n Tahsili Usul\u00fc Hakk\u0131nda Kanunu\u2019n 35. maddesi; fona devredilen bankalar\u0131n bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 kimlere ba\u015fvurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren 5411 say\u0131l\u0131 Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Kanunu gibi d\u00fczenlemelerdir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fte uygulamada ve teoride tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan, t\u00fczel ki\u015finin borcundan dolay\u0131 sadece ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile sorumlu olma imtiyaz\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ortaklar\u0131n sorumlu olaca\u011f\u0131 durumlar\u0131n hangi h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde olaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Uygulamada genel olarak her zaman T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu(TMK) 2. maddesine gidilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere; TMK 2: Herkes, haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirirken d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na uymak zorundad\u0131r. Bir hakk\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 hukuk d\u00fczeni korumaz. Bu kural hukuk sisteminde istisna kural\u0131d\u0131r, istisna kurallar\u0131 da genel kural niteli\u011fine getirilmemelidir aksi taktirde hukuk d\u00fczenindeki teminat kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur. T\u00fczel Ki\u015filik perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 3 grupta ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
1- Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 iradeleri, fiilleri ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fczel Ki\u015fiye izafe edilip edilemeyece\u011fi.
\n2- S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumluluk kural\u0131 gere\u011fi T\u00fczel Ki\u015finin ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fahsi sorumlulu\u011funa gidilip gidilemeyece\u011fi
\n3- Karde\u015f ya da Yavru Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu
\nT\u00fcm bunlardan hareketle fiilleri sonucu T\u00fczel Ki\u015fiyi ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 3. ki\u015fi konumundaki alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 zarara u\u011fratan ki\u015fiye ba\u015fvurulaca\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zellikle Y.19.HD. kararlar\u0131nda kendini g\u00f6stermektedir. Yarg\u0131tay 19. HD. 2007 tarihli bir karar\u0131nda hem i\u015fveren konumundaki as\u0131l ortakl\u0131\u011fa hem de yavru ortakl\u0131\u011fa dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6rnekleyici bi\u00e7imde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ibareleri kullanmaktad\u0131r:
\n– Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki sermaye yetersizli\u011fi ile sonradan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sermaye yetersizli\u011fi
\n– \u015eirketin hakim orta\u011f\u0131 anas\u00f6zle\u015fme d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak \u015firketi y\u00f6netmesi
\n– \u015eirketteki alanlar\u0131n birbirine kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131
\n– Malvarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da anlat\u0131lanlar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, T\u00fczel Ki\u015fili\u011fin eylem ve i\u015flemlerinden birincil olarak T\u00fczel Ki\u015fi sorumlu ancak perde aralanarak ortaklar ki\u015fisel menfaat sa\u011flam\u0131\u015fsa bu ki\u015filere de ba\u015fvurulabilecek. Mevzuatta d\u00fczenlemelerin oldu\u011fu alanlarda bu yasal normlardan faydalan\u0131lacak ama d\u00fczenlemeler bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda TMK 2\u2019ye ba\u015fvurulacakt\u0131r. Bu durumlarda Yarg\u0131tay\u2019a g\u00f6re organik ba\u011f her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delille ispat edilebilir ama perde kalkt\u0131ktan sonra yap\u0131lan muvaazal\u0131 i\u015flemlerde ispat sorunu g\u00fcndeme gelebilir. Bu konuda da 3. ki\u015filer bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere muvazaay\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delille ispat edebilir. Son olarak g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekli olan husus senetle ispat kural\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc senetle ispat kural\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Yarg\u0131lama Hukukunun tepesine oturtulmu\u015f ve t\u00fcm yarg\u0131lama safhas\u0131na y\u00f6n veren kurald\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]T\u00fczel ki\u015fi, kendisini olu\u015fturan ki\u015filerden ve organlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcyelerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ki\u015fili\u011fe ve kendine ait ayr\u0131 bir malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahiptir. T\u00fczel ki\u015fi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[115],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.erdallaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24807"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.erdallaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.erdallaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.erdallaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.erdallaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24807"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.erdallaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24807\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24808,"href":"http:\/\/www.erdallaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24807\/revisions\/24808"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.erdallaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24807"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.erdallaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24807"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.erdallaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24807"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}